Getting started
Pilates breathing technique
The short answer
Pilates uses lateral or costal breathing — expanding the ribcage sideways on the inhale while keeping the abdominal wall engaged. Exhale usually accompanies the effort phase, which is opposite to what many people do instinctively.
What lateral breathing is
Instead of letting the belly expand on the inhale, the ribcage expands sideways and slightly backwards while the abdominal wall stays gently engaged. The diaphragm still descends; the difference is where the expansion is directed.
The reason is that abdominal engagement is needed continuously for trunk stability, and a breathing pattern that releases it on every inhale works against that.
Exhale on the effort
The standard pattern pairs exhale with the exertion phase. Exhaling assists abdominal engagement, so it supports the trunk exactly when the load is highest.
Many people instinctively hold their breath during effort, which raises intra-abdominal pressure and blood pressure and reduces control. Breaking that habit is one of the more useful things Pilates teaches.
- Inhale — ribcage expands sideways and back
- Exhale — through the effort phase, ribs soften down
- Abdominal wall stays gently engaged throughout
- Never hold the breath during exertion
How to find it
Wrap your hands around your lower ribs and breathe in, trying to push your hands outward without letting the belly balloon forward. That tactile feedback usually produces the pattern within a few breaths.
A band or scarf around the lower ribs achieves the same thing hands-free, and is a common teaching tool.
It becomes automatic
For the first few weeks it requires conscious attention and feels like an additional task on top of the exercise. After that it becomes the default during Pilates and eventually shows up in other training.
If coordinating breath and movement is overwhelming early on, prioritize not holding your breath and let the exact pattern come later.
Frequently asked questions
- What is lateral breathing?
- Expanding the ribcage sideways and backwards on the inhale while the abdominal wall stays gently engaged, rather than letting the belly expand forward.
- When should I exhale in Pilates?
- On the effort phase. Exhaling assists abdominal engagement, supporting the trunk when load is highest.
- Why not just breathe into my belly?
- Belly breathing releases the abdominal engagement needed for trunk stability. Lateral breathing keeps that engagement while still allowing full diaphragm movement.
- What if I cannot coordinate the breathing?
- Prioritize simply not holding your breath and let the exact pattern develop later. It becomes automatic within a few weeks.